Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Sola Gratia – Part 3: Martyrdom and the Power of God’s Grace

“My grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness.”
— 2 Corinthians 12:9 (NASB1995)


Grace That Endures the Fire

The early Church knew grace not merely as unmerited favor, but as unshakable strength. For them, grace wasn’t fragile. It wasn’t sentimental. It was the power of God that held them fast when flames rose, chains tightened, and swords fell.

Martyrdom was not their defeat. It was their victory—because grace didn’t just forgive them; grace carried them home.


What Carried Them?

What gives a person the strength to forgive their executioner? To sing while being torn by beasts? To say “yes” to Christ when it means saying “no” to your own life?

Only grace.

“The fire seemed cold to me. I felt nothing but the peace of God in my bones.”
Polycarp, Bishop of Smyrna, martyred c. AD 155

Polycarp’s words weren’t bravado. They were the language of a man sustained by something greater than courage. He was empowered by grace.


Sola Gratia in the Arena

Martyrdom was never romantic to the early Church. It was raw. Bloody. Real.

But it was also sacred—because those who endured did so by the same grace that had saved them.

“Stand firm, O blessed ones. Grace has been given to you. Your chains are precious. Your death is your witness. The Lord will not forget.”
The Martyrdom of Perpetua, c. AD 203

Their testimonies echo across the centuries—not because they were heroic, but because God’s grace was greater than their fear.


Grace Is Not Just for Forgiveness

Modern Christianity often limits grace to forgiveness. But to the early Church, grace was the force behind faithful endurance:

  • It taught them to love not their lives even unto death (Rev. 12:11)
  • It enabled them to bless those who cursed them (Luke 6:27–28)
  • It sustained them when the world turned against them (John 15:18–20)

Grace wasn’t a soft cushion. It was a shield, a torch, and a strength forged in the fire of affliction.


A Legacy of Grace

The world couldn’t understand them. The empire couldn’t stop them. Hell couldn’t silence them.

Because grace:

  • Enabled their loyalty
  • Purified their motives
  • Strengthened their steps
  • Crowned them with glory

“I am a Christian. Nothing done to me can take His grace from me.”
Blandina, a young slave girl, martyred in Gaul, c. AD 177


Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Have I viewed grace as something soft, or something strong?
  • Am I drawing on God’s grace to endure hardship, or trying to muscle through it myself?
  • Would the grace I rely on sustain me through suffering?

This week, read Hebrews 11 and Revelation 12:10–11. Ask:

“Lord, make Your grace more than a doctrine to me—make it my endurance.”

Because when trials come, and the world presses in, the same grace that saved you will also keep you.

“Therefore let us draw near with confidence to the throne of grace, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need.”
— Hebrews 4:16

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Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Sola Gratia – Part 2: Grace That Trains — Titus 2 and the Early Disciples

“For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men, instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly desires and to live sensibly, righteously and godly in the present age.”
— Titus 2:11–12 (NASB1995)


Grace Is a Teacher

Grace doesn’t just save—it trains.

The Apostle Paul didn’t speak of grace as a concept to admire. He described it as a present and active force in the believer’s life: instructing, shaping, correcting, and empowering us to live for God.

Titus 2 tells us that grace instructs us to deny sin and teaches us to live in godliness.

“Christians are not distinguished by knowledge alone, but by the training that grace brings. Their purity and discipline are marks of the Spirit’s work in them.”
The Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus, c. AD 130


Grace and Discipleship in the Early Church

The early disciples didn’t see grace as an abstract idea. They viewed it as the living activity of God at work in them through the Holy Spirit.

Grace trained them to:

  • Endure slander, loss, and persecution without retaliation
  • Live with self-control and patience in a hostile world
  • Abandon idols, sexual immorality, and greed
  • Love their enemies and pray for those who hated them

And they did all this not by strength, but by grace.


Not a Passive Comfort — A Present Call

Many today receive grace only as comfort: “You’re forgiven. You’re accepted.” And while this is true, grace does not stop at acceptance. It calls us forward.

“He who accepts grace must walk in it. If we return to lawlessness, we reject the gift given.”
2 Clement, c. AD 140

To the early Church, grace was never passive. It moved them, disciplined them, and shaped them into holy vessels.


How Grace Trains

Paul says grace “instructs us.” The Greek word used (παιδεύουσα) means to educate, correct, or discipline—like a loving tutor guiding a child.

Grace:

  • Confronts ungodliness in our hearts
  • Reveals worldly desires for what they are
  • Cultivates habits of holiness and self-restraint
  • Grows our hunger for Christ’s return (Titus 2:13)

And this training is not instant—it is ongoing, personal, and Spirit-led.

“It is not by compulsion we obey, but by the Spirit’s counsel and by the grace that trains us daily in the fear of the Lord.”
Letter of Barnabas, c. AD 100


Grace Trains in Community

The early Church didn’t walk alone. Grace trained them together:

  • Older believers mentored the younger (Titus 2:3–5)
  • They gathered regularly to encourage one another (Heb. 10:24–25)
  • They confessed sins, fasted, prayed, and bore one another’s burdens

Grace wasn’t just personal. It was relational—because the Spirit trains the Body of Christ, not just individual parts.


Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Am I allowing grace to actively train me—or passively comfort me?
  • What “worldly desires” is grace calling me to deny right now?
  • Am I being trained in community, or trying to grow alone?

This week, read Titus 2:11–14 aloud each morning. Let the Spirit teach you what grace wants to change in you.

Then walk it out—not by pressure, but by powerful grace.

“Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its lusts… For sin shall not be master over you, for you are not under law but under grace.”
— Romans 6:12, 14 (NASB1995)

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Biblical Interpretation, Kingdom Discipleship

Comparing Scripture with Scripture — Letting the Word Confirm the Word

How to Read the Bible Series

God’s Word speaks with one voice because it has one Author.
Across 66 books, written over centuries, by prophets, shepherds, kings, fishermen, and apostles—there is perfect harmony. Why? Because the Holy Spirit, who inspired the writing, does not contradict Himself. And this is why Scripture must be used to interpret Scripture.

The early Church, especially the Bereans and the Ante-Nicene believers, knew this instinctively. They didn’t build doctrines on isolated verses or clever analogies. They let the Word confirm the Word. When they tested Paul’s teaching, they didn’t reach for tradition or speculation—they searched the scrolls. If he preached Christ, they would find Him in Moses and the Prophets.


Scripture Focus:

“But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised.”
1 Corinthians 2:14, NASB1995

“On the testimony of two or three witnesses every matter shall be confirmed.”
Deuteronomy 19:15b, NASB1995


The Word is Its Own Witness

The Holy Spirit uses Scripture to explain Scripture. A truth is never established by a single verse taken out of context. Just as God required two or three witnesses in legal matters, He often confirms doctrine through multiple voices in His Word.

When Jesus spoke of Himself, He showed how the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms all testified to Him (Luke 24:44). The early Church followed this same pattern, checking that every teaching aligned with the totality of God’s revealed truth.


Don’t Build a Doctrine on One Verse

It is dangerous to establish beliefs from isolated texts:

  • A single verse on baptism does not teach the full meaning of baptism.
  • A poetic phrase in Psalms isn’t a license for doctrine if it contradicts apostolic teaching.
  • A vision in Revelation must be interpreted in light of clear prophetic Scripture.

When we let Scripture interpret Scripture, the Spirit brings balance, clarity, and unity to our understanding.


How the Early Church Applied This

The Bereans didn’t have systematic theology textbooks. They had the Hebrew Scriptures and the Holy Spirit. When Paul taught salvation through Christ, they searched for those threads in Genesis, Isaiah, and the Psalms. Their faith was not blind—it was grounded in revealed truth.

The Ante-Nicene believers quoted Scripture often and widely, drawing connections across books to test false teaching. They didn’t elevate clever analogies or speculative ideas. They let the Word speak for itself.


Practical Ways to Let the Word Interpret the Word

  • Cross-reference similar passages to see the full picture.
  • Look for patterns: does this principle appear consistently?
  • Consider the whole counsel of God (Acts 20:27), not just selected parts.
  • Let clear passages interpret unclear ones—not the reverse.

Return to the Word. Let It Speak for Itself.

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Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Sola Gratia – Part 1: What Grace Truly Means — Not a License, but a Call

“For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to all men, instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly desires and to live sensibly, righteously and godly in the present age.”
— Titus 2:11–12 (NASB1995)


Rediscovering Grace in Its Full Strength

In today’s Church, grace is often reduced to a blanket statement: “God loves you just the way you are.” While it’s true that God’s love is unearned, grace was never meant to leave us where it found us.

The early Church understood that grace was not only God’s unmerited favor, but also His empowering presence. It saves, yes—but it also trains, transforms, and calls us to a holy life.

“We are not saved by our own works, but by His mercy and grace. Yet having been saved, we are no longer to live as the Gentiles do, but in reverence and righteousness.”
The Shepherd of Hermas, c. AD 140


Grace Is a Gift—Not a Bypass

Sola Gratia reminds us that salvation is entirely of God. We cannot earn it. We do not deserve it. The early believers knew this well.

But they also knew that grace does not nullify obedience—it enables it.

Grace is not:

  • A free pass to live unchanged
  • An excuse for moral compromise
  • A license to ignore Christ’s commands

Grace is:

  • The undeserved love of God
  • The forgiveness of our sins through the blood of Christ
  • The transforming power to live a new life in the Spirit

“Do we then nullify the Law through faith? May it never be! On the contrary, we establish the Law.”
— Romans 3:31


The Early Church on Grace

The writings of the Ante-Nicene fathers are filled with reverence for the grace of God—not only for what it pardons, but for what it produces.

“Let us serve God with a holy fear and in purity, as we have been called by His grace. Let us not turn His mercy into idleness, but into diligence and virtue.”
Clement of Rome, First Epistle to the Corinthians, c. AD 96

Their lives bore witness to this. Grace caused them to:

  • Endure persecution without compromise
  • Serve one another in love
  • Abstain from the corruption of the world
  • Walk in joy, boldness, and holiness

Grace wasn’t a doctrine on a shelf. It was the fire in their bones.


Grace That Trains

Titus 2 doesn’t say grace permits. It says grace instructs:

“…instructing us to deny ungodliness and worldly desires…”

Grace doesn’t just cleanse the past—it shapes the present and prepares us for the future.

The Spirit uses grace to:

  • Renew our minds (Rom. 12:2)
  • Teach us righteousness (Heb. 12:10–11)
  • Form the image of Christ in us (2 Cor. 3:18)

This was the pattern of the early Church. Their obedience wasn’t self-willed. It was Spirit-empowered through grace.


Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Have I treated grace as an excuse to remain the same, or as the power to become like Christ?
  • Do I see grace as the starting line only—or also the fuel for the journey?
  • Is my life being trained, shaped, and sanctified by grace—or merely comforted by it?

This week, reflect on Titus 2:11–14. Ask the Holy Spirit:

“How have I misunderstood grace?”
“What are You teaching me through grace today?”

Let grace save, train, and transform you.

“Therefore, since we receive a kingdom which cannot be shaken, let us show gratitude, by which we may offer to God an acceptable service with reverence and awe.”
— Hebrews 12:28

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Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Solo Spiritu Sancto – Part 4: Empowered Obedience through the Spirit

“For if you are living according to the flesh, you must die; but if by the Spirit you are putting to death the deeds of the body, you will live.”
— Romans 8:13 (NASB1995)


The Power to Obey Comes from the Spirit

Many Christians are trying to live holy lives by sheer effort—by rules, routines, and resolutions.

But the early Church knew the truth: Obedience doesn’t come from trying harder. It comes from walking in the Spirit.

They didn’t live holy because they had stronger willpower. They lived holy because they were filled with the Holy Spirit, and they surrendered to His transforming work in them.


Not Lawless — Not Legalistic

Spirit-led obedience isn’t license, and it isn’t legalism. It’s not:

  • A checklist of rules
  • A performance to earn God’s favor
  • A burden of impossible standards

It’s new life from within.

“I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes, and you will be careful to observe My ordinances.”
— Ezekiel 36:27

This is the obedience the early Church displayed—an obedience birthed from love, grace, and the Spirit’s indwelling power.


The Witness of the Early Church

The Ante-Nicene believers lived with radical purity, sacrificial love, and fearless endurance. But it wasn’t moral superiority—it was Spirit-empowered surrender.

“The Spirit dwelling in us produces self-control, patience, and purity. These are not the works of man, but of God.”
Athenagoras, Plea for the Christians, c. AD 177

They didn’t excuse sin. They overcame it.

They didn’t lower the bar. They leaned into grace.

And they didn’t claim their strength. They testified to His.


The Flesh Fights, the Spirit Frees

The modern Church often swings between:

  • Moral effort (Try harder!)
  • Grace as permission (God understands…)

But neither are the way of the Spirit. The Holy Spirit doesn’t excuse sin. He empowers you to crucify it.

He:

  • Convicts (John 16:8)
  • Cleanses (Titus 3:5)
  • Transforms (2 Cor. 3:18)
  • Strengthens (Eph. 3:16)

He is the power to obey what the flesh cannot.

“Walk by the Spirit, and you will not carry out the desire of the flesh.”
— Galatians 5:16


A Life That Shines

The early believers stood out—not because they were impressive, but because the Spirit of God lived in them. Their obedience was radiant. Costly. Beautiful. Powerful.

They loved their enemies.
They gave to the poor.
They endured persecution.
They resisted sin.
They forgave quickly.
They lived holy lives in a filthy world.

Because the Holy Spirit was not a doctrine to them—He was their daily strength.


Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Am I trying to obey God in my own strength—or by the Spirit’s power?
  • Have I made peace with sins the Spirit wants to crucify?
  • Do I see the fruit of the Spirit increasing in my life—or has my growth stalled?

This week, ask the Spirit:

“What area of my life needs Your power to obey?”
Then surrender it. Confess it. Invite Him to transform it.

“But I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not carry out the desire of the flesh.”
— Galatians 5:16

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Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Solo Spiritu Sancto – Part 3: Spirit vs. Structure — When Man Replaces God

“The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going; so is everyone who is born of the Spirit.”
— John 3:8 (NASB1995)


When the Spirit Leads — and When Structure Replaces Him

In the early days of the Church, the Holy Spirit led gatherings, confirmed truth, convicted hearts, appointed leaders, and bound believers together in love and obedience. The Church was alive, not with organizational polish, but with Spirit-filled power.

But slowly, something shifted.

What began in upper rooms and homes began to move into halls and hierarchies. What once flowed freely became managed.

What was once Spirit-led became system-controlled.

This is what happens when man replaces the leading of the Spirit with the safety of structure.


The Spirit Builds, Man Institutionalizes

The Ante-Nicene Church operated through:

  • Discerning believers walking in the Spirit (Gal. 5:16–25)
  • Scripture interpreted through prayer and fellowship (1 Cor. 2:13)
  • Decisions made by unity and spiritual gifting (Acts 13:1–4)

But as persecution increased—and eventually gave way to political favor—the Church began adopting Roman organizational models:

  • Formal clergy vs. laity divisions
  • Centralized authority (bishops elevated over the people)
  • Institutional creeds becoming the measure of truth

And gradually, the Church stopped asking, “Is this of the Spirit?” and began asking, “Is this in line with the council?”

“Having begun by the Spirit, are you now being perfected by the flesh?”
— Galatians 3:3


When Structure Silences the Spirit

Structure in itself is not evil. Even the early Church had order. But structure becomes bondage when:

  • It replaces the Spirit’s voice with human rule
  • It prioritizes position over gifting
  • It demands loyalty to a system rather than obedience to God

We see this in later church history:

  • Bishops replacing the voice of the congregation
  • Doctrines affirmed by power, not by Spirit and truth
  • Traditions exalted over Scripture

This was not the Church Jesus birthed at Pentecost. Nor was it the Church described in Acts or the letters of the apostles.


How the Early Church Guarded Against This

Before structure overtook Spirit, the early believers guarded against this drift by:

  • Measuring everything by Scripture
  • Remaining decentralized and relational
  • Allowing the Spirit to appoint leaders—not human ambition

“We do not speak great swelling words of vanity, nor do we boast of office, but of obedience. Our confidence is in the Spirit who guides and instructs us.”
Epistle of the Church in Smyrna, c. AD 155

Their gatherings were marked by prayer, humility, Spirit-filled testimony, and shared responsibility—not passive spectatorship or authoritarian rule.


Reclaiming Sola Spiritu

Today’s Church needs revival. Not of hype. Not of hierarchy. But of the Holy Spirit’s leading.

To reclaim Solo Spiritu Sancto, we must:

  • Listen for His voice above man’s tradition
  • Be willing to follow even when it disrupts structure
  • Appoint leaders by character and calling, not credentials
  • Let Scripture speak, and let the Spirit teach

Because when we follow the Spirit:

  • Christ is exalted
  • Scripture is honored
  • The Church is purified
  • The world is convicted

Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Have I replaced the Spirit’s voice with human structure or authority?
  • Am I more loyal to church systems than to Christ and His Spirit?
  • Do I discern decisions through prayer, Scripture, and Spirit-led counsel—or through policies and platforms?

This week, spend time in silence before God. Ask:

“Holy Spirit, have I replaced You with systems of safety or control?”
“Teach me to follow Your lead again—even when it’s uncomfortable.”

“If we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit.”
— Galatians 5:25

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Biblical Interpretation, Kingdom Discipleship

Culture and Language — Reading as the First Audience Heard It

How to Read the Bible Series

We often forget: the Bible wasn’t written to us—but it was written for us.
Every book of the Bible was penned in a time, place, and culture vastly different from our own. The original readers understood idioms, customs, and references that are foreign to modern ears. If we ignore this, we risk reshaping God’s Word in our own image.

The early Church didn’t have this problem. They lived closer to the language, the land, and the worldview of Scripture. They heard it in its original echo, not through centuries of translation, philosophy, or tradition. To read as they did is to get closer to the heart of God’s message.


Scripture Focus:

“For whatever was written in earlier times was written for our instruction, so that through perseverance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope.”
Romans 15:4, NASB1995


Language Shapes Meaning

Scripture was written primarily in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek—languages rich with idiom, poetry, and concrete imagery. Many truths get lost in translation. For example:

  • “To bind and loose” (Matthew 18:18) was a known rabbinic phrase meaning to forbid or permit.
  • “Hating your father and mother” (Luke 14:26) reflects a Hebraic contrast in loyalty, not emotional hatred.

The Bereans and early disciples didn’t need these things explained—they lived them. But we must be students, not just of the text, but of its language.


Culture Illuminates the Message

To understand the Bible, we must step into sandals, not sneakers. That means:

  • Understanding first-century Jewish customs around marriage, covenant, or synagogue life
  • Recognizing Roman occupation and its impact on Jesus’ teachings
  • Seeing agricultural metaphors as more than symbolic—they were everyday realities

When Jesus said, “My sheep hear My voice,” His hearers knew exactly what shepherding looked like. When He spoke of seeds, vineyards, and leaven, these weren’t abstract—they were familiar, lived-in truths.


Mistaking the Culture Can Distort the Message

When we read Scripture as Western thinkers without reference to the original context, we risk:

  • Making allegory where God gave literal promises
  • Confusing metaphors with doctrine
  • Misinterpreting commands meant for a specific people and time

The Holy Spirit does not lead us into cultural ignorance. He brings clarity—but He does not override the setting of the Word He authored.


How the Early Church Understood Scripture

The Ante-Nicene believers received the Word in a cultural context still tied to its roots. Many were Jewish believers or Gentiles discipled by them. Their understanding flowed from:

  • The Septuagint (Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures)
  • Oral traditions from apostolic teaching
  • A lifestyle steeped in biblical rhythms (feasts, fasts, Scripture memorization)

They interpreted the Word in step with its meaning, not outside of it.


A Return to Biblical Hearing

We are not disconnected from Scripture, but we must admit our distance from its original setting. To be faithful readers, we must:

  • Learn the meanings behind expressions and customs
  • Avoid imposing our culture on the text
  • Invite the Holy Spirit to bridge the gap

Return to the Word. Hear It Anew.

God’s Word is timeless, but it came through time, culture, and language. When we listen with Berean hearts and an Ante-Nicene posture, we don’t just read the Bible—we hear it.Step into their world. Let the Spirit teach you through the culture and language He originally chose. And you’ll find the voice of Jesus, not just in your language, but in His.

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Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Solo Spiritu Sancto – Part 2: How the Early Church Discerned Without Systems

“But examine everything carefully; hold fast to that which is good.”
— 1 Thessalonians 5:21 (NASB1995)

A Church Without Systems—Yet Full of Discernment

The Ante-Nicene Church had no seminaries. No theological degrees. No confessions to memorize. No centralized councils—at least not until the Church began aligning with empire.

And yet, they had doctrinal clarity, unshakable unity, and spiritual discernment that put many modern churches to shame.

How?

They tested everything by the Scriptures—taught and illuminated by the Holy Spirit.


Discernment Rooted in the Spirit

The early Christians didn’t rely on human authority to validate truth. They listened for the voice of the Spirit through the Word. They discerned by:

  • Knowing the teachings of Jesus and the apostles
  • Comparing everything against the written Scriptures
  • Recognizing the fruit of a life submitted to God
  • Trusting the Spirit’s confirmation—not emotionalism, but conviction

“Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is the Church. And the Spirit is truth.”
Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Book 3

When heresies arose—Gnosticism, Docetism, Sabellianism—they didn’t invent councils to systematize new doctrines. They pointed back to what the apostles taught, what Scripture plainly said, and what the Spirit had made clear to the body.


No Filter but the Spirit

Today, most churches view theology through a framework:

  • Reformed
  • Arminian
  • Covenant
  • Dispensational

These systems become filters. Scripture is interpreted to fit the structure. But the early Church didn’t filter. They listened. They obeyed. They trusted the Spirit to guide them into all truth (John 16:13).

They didn’t need a doctrinal system. They had a doctrinal Shepherd—and they knew His voice.

“My sheep hear My voice, and I know them, and they follow Me.”
— John 10:27


When Systems Replace the Spirit

The more the Church became entangled with the state and academia, the more Spirit-led discernment was replaced by system-based validation.

Truth became a matter of:

  • Institutional approval
  • Doctrinal alignment
  • Loyalty to a theological camp

But this is not how the early believers operated. Their loyalty was to Christ. Their foundation was the Word. Their guidance was the Spirit.

They didn’t trust in intellectual consensus—they trusted in spiritual discernment confirmed by fruit and fidelity to Scripture.


Recovering Spirit-Led Discernment

To walk as they did, we must:

  • Reject the need for every teaching to fit a system
  • Test every teaching by Scripture in context
  • Ask the Holy Spirit for clarity, not just teachers for answers
  • Discern not only doctrine, but also the fruit of those who teach

“You will know them by their fruits… A good tree cannot produce bad fruit, nor can a bad tree produce good fruit.”
— Matthew 7:16–18


Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Have I submitted my understanding of Scripture to a system—or to the Spirit?
  • Do I discern based on alignment with tradition, or alignment with the Word?
  • Am I growing in the kind of discernment that comes from walking with the Spirit?

This week, read one epistle from the early Church (e.g., 1 John or 1 Thessalonians). Ask the Spirit to show you:

  • What truth looks like
  • What error sounds like
  • How to recognize both

“But solid food is for the mature, who because of practice have their senses trained to discern good and evil.”
— Hebrews 5:14

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Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Solo Spiritu Sancto – Part 1: The Spirit as Teacher and Witness of Truth

“Now we have received, not the spirit of the world, but the Spirit who is from God, so that we may know the things freely given to us by God, which things we also speak, not in words taught by human wisdom, but in those taught by the Spirit, combining spiritual thoughts with spiritual words.”
— 1 Corinthians 2:12–13 (NASB1995)


Why Sola Spiritu Matters

The Reformation gave us five Solas—but the early Church lived with a sixth always at the center:

Sola Spiritu — By the Holy Spirit Alone.

The early believers knew that truth was not merely taught—it was revealed. While Scripture was their foundation, it was the Holy Spirit who opened their eyes, convicted their hearts, and formed Christ within them. They didn’t outsource understanding to councils or intellectuals. They received it directly from the Spirit of God.


The Promise of the Spirit

Jesus was clear:

“When He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all the truth… He will glorify Me, for He will take of Mine and will disclose it to you.”
— John 16:13–14

The Spirit is not an optional accessory for the Christian life—He is the Teacher, the Interpreter, the Witness, and the Power behind everything in the Kingdom.

The early Church understood this. They depended on Him for:

  • Understanding Scripture (John 14:26)
  • Speaking boldly under persecution (Mark 13:11)
  • Resisting sin (Romans 8:13–14)
  • Confirming their salvation (Romans 8:16)
  • Discerning truth from error (1 John 2:27)

The Early Church and the Spirit

The Ante-Nicene believers did not rely on hierarchical priests or scholarly systems to know truth. They met in homes, read the Scriptures, and sought the Holy Spirit together.

“No one can understand the Gospel unless he has been enlightened by the same Spirit who caused the Scriptures to be written.”
Origen, Commentary on John, Book 1 (c. AD 220)

This doesn’t mean they rejected teaching—but they refused to elevate man’s voice above God’s Spirit. A sermon was only as good as it aligned with the Spirit-taught Word.

They believed that every believer, filled with the Spirit, could know and walk in truth—not by independent thinking, but by spiritual discernment and humble obedience.


The Spirit vs. The Institution

Today, many churches teach Sola Scriptura in word but Sola Systema in practice.

We are taught to rely on:

  • Seminaries to interpret
  • Denominations to define
  • Commentaries to clarify
  • Theologians to discern

But the Spirit is still speaking. Still teaching. Still convicting. Still leading.

“If we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit.”
— Galatians 5:25

The early Church did. So can we.


What the Spirit Teaches

The Holy Spirit never contradicts the Word—He confirms it, illuminates it, and applies it to the heart.

He teaches:

  • Christ as Lord (1 Cor. 12:3)
  • Righteousness, judgment, and sin (John 16:8)
  • Obedience and transformation (2 Cor. 3:18)
  • Boldness to speak and suffer (Acts 4:31)

To walk by the Spirit is to walk in holiness, truth, and power. The early Church’s fearless love and uncompromising obedience came not from willpower—but from the indwelling Spirit of God.


Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Do I rely on the Spirit to teach me—or only others to tell me what Scripture means?
  • Am I sensitive to the Spirit’s conviction—or have I silenced His voice through routine and tradition?
  • When I open my Bible, do I invite the Holy Spirit to lead me into truth?

This week, before reading Scripture, pause and pray:

“Holy Spirit, You inspired this Word. Teach me now. Reveal the Father. Glorify the Son. Lead me into truth.”

He will.

“But when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all the truth…”
— John 16:13

3–4 minutes

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Kingdom Discipleship, The Six Solas

Sola Scriptura – Part 3: Interpreting Scripture — The Spirit vs. Theologians

“But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all that I said to you.”
— John 14:26 (NASB1995)


Whose Interpretation?

The question is no longer, “Is Scripture true?”—but rather, “Whose interpretation of Scripture is right?”

Some say Calvin. Others, Augustine. Still others, Luther, Aquinas, or a denominational confession.

But the early Church had another answer:

The Holy Spirit.


Scripture Interprets Scripture—By the Spirit

The Ante-Nicene Church understood what Jesus taught: that the same Spirit who inspired the Scriptures would also teach and interpret them for those who belonged to Him.

They didn’t need a new method. They needed the same Spirit who taught Peter, John, and Paul.

“The Scriptures are indeed perfect, since they were spoken by the Word of God and His Spirit.”
Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Book 2, Chapter 28 (c. AD 180)

They did not invent allegorical methods or theological structures to discover hidden meanings. They believed the plain sense of the text, in context, was enough—especially when read under the illumination of the Holy Spirit.


What Happens When Man Takes Over

As early as the second century, men like Origen began using allegory and Greek philosophy to “deepen” the meaning of Scripture. But this move away from Spirit-led interpretation led to confusion, contradiction, and corruption.

By the time of Augustine and beyond, interpretation was no longer Spirit-driven—it was system-driven. Verses were pulled from their context and reinterpreted through philosophical categories.

The Church no longer asked, “What did the Spirit teach through this?”
Instead, it asked, “How does this verse fit within our system?”

“Avoid the irreverent babble and contradictions of what is falsely called ‘knowledge’—for by professing it some have swerved from the faith.”
— 1 Timothy 6:20–21

The early Church warned of this—of knowledge that overcomplicates the truth and pulls us away from the simplicity of the gospel.


The Spirit Is Still Our Teacher

Jesus promised the Holy Spirit would guide His disciples into all truth (John 16:13). That promise wasn’t limited to the apostles—it was extended to all who receive the Spirit.

“As for you, the anointing which you received from Him abides in you, and you have no need for anyone to teach you; but as His anointing teaches you about all things… just as it has taught you, you abide in Him.”
— 1 John 2:27

This doesn’t mean we ignore teachers. It means we test every teaching by the Spirit’s interpretation of the Word—not by theological constructs.

If an interpretation:

  • Contradicts the plain reading of the text
  • Requires allegory or abstraction to make it work
  • Ignores historical or grammatical context
  • Overrules Scripture with philosophy

Then it is not from the Spirit.


Ante-Nicene Discernment

The early Church judged doctrine by:

  • The plain reading of Scripture
  • The consistent testimony of the apostles
  • The fruit of obedience and holiness it produced

They didn’t say, “That’s a valid interpretation within our theological stream.”
They said, “That’s not what the apostles taught.”

“Those who wish to be saved must not follow doctrines which come from their own minds… but must hold fast to the teachings of the Lord, which have been delivered to us through the apostles.”
Irenaeus, Book 3


Kingdom Discipleship Reflection

  • Am I allowing the Holy Spirit to teach me Scripture, or relying on a theological system?
  • Do I believe the Word is clear—or do I think only scholars can rightly understand it?
  • Have I tested the interpretations I believe by reading the Scriptures plainly, in context, with prayer?

This week, choose one passage that has often been debated or systematized. Read it afresh. Slowly. Prayerfully. Ask the Spirit:

“What are You saying here—not what others say You are saying?”

“But the natural man does not accept the things of the Spirit of God, for they are foolishness to him; and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually appraised.”
— 1 Corinthians 2:14

3–4 minutes

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